The Limits of Political Language

the AZEL

PERSPECTIVE

Commentary on Cuba's Future, U.S. Foreign Policy & Individual Freedoms - Issue 393 B
 
José Azel's latest books "On Freedom" and "Sobre La Libertad" are now available on Amazon. 
The Limits of Political Language (Previously published)
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When or why, we began to speak remains unknown. The origin of language has been the subject of speculation for several centuries and scientists have developed several hypotheses about how, why, when, and where we began to speak. For example, some theories consider language mostly as a genetically encoded innate faculty. Other theories regard language as culturally learned by interaction. Because of the lack of any direct evidence, some scholars consider this one of the hardest problems in science. 

Recent language studies show that as much as 60 percent of our conversations are dedicated to gossip. Apparently, gossip is something that comes very naturally to us, and we spend about 52 minutes a day gossiping. As the saying goes, “we do not like gossip, but we are entertained by it.” 

Gossiping, which usually involves an exchange of social information about acquaintances, has a somewhat undeserved bad reputation. Scientists tell us that 70-90 percent of office gossip is usually true, and that 75 percent of gossiping is non-evaluative, or neutral in nature. Only 15 percent of gossip is negative, and 10 percent is positive. 

Today, our political discourse resembles gossiping. George Orwell, in his 1946 essay Politics and the English Language, wrote that political language “is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.” But the language of political speak was not always as banal and devoid of substance. 

For instance, in 1858 a series of seven debates took place between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican Party candidate for the United States Senate for Illinois, and the incumbent Democratic Party candidate Senator Stephen Douglas. These Lincoln-Douglas debates, also known as The Great Debates of 1858, dealt extensively with slavery, particularly its future expansion into new territories. These were not inconsequential political debates. 

Compare the quality, substance and format of the Lincoln-Douglas debates to our modern-day equivalent. Keep in mind that this was a senatorial race and not presidential debates. The format for the debates was that one candidate spoke for 60 minutes, then the other candidate spoke for 90 minutes, and then the first candidate was allowed a 30-minute rejoinder. Thus, each debate lasted 3 hours – so much for our attention span. 

When Lincoln and Douglas debated the slavery extension issue, they were addressing an issue that had divided the nation. More critically, the issue threatened the continued existence of the Union. The major newspapers covered the debates intensely and reprinted the complete texts of each debate. 

Yet, in what could be called the institutional gossip of that time, the newspapers that supported Douglas edited his speeches to remove and correct any errors, but left Lincoln’s speeches in the coarse form in which they had been transcribed. Similarly, the pro-Lincoln newspapers revised Lincoln speeches, but left Douglas’s text unedited. 

In the end, Douglas defeated Lincoln and retained his seat in the Senate. At that time the legislature elected U.S. Senators, and it elected Douglas by a vote of 54 to 46. Lincoln lost the election, but he won recognition as a powerful and moving spokesperson for the anti-slavery Republican cause. Lincoln and Douglas would meet again in the presidential election of 1860 and their debates, this time edited by Lincoln, were printed as a book and used as an important campaign document. Such is the political power of language. 

Language is perhaps the most important method of human interaction. Our lives are limited by what we can explain through language. Language imposes a limit to thought. Unfortunately, too much of our present day personal and political use of language is not of the quality of the Lincoln-Douglas debates and is mostly dedicated to gossip and trivialities. 

In the early 20th century, the Austrian-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) became a key figure of a philosophical movement which had language as its subject of study. Wittgenstein held that if we cannot describe something in words, then it does not exist. As he exquisitely phrased it, “The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.” 

Please let us know if you Like Issue 393 B - The Limits of Political Language on Facebook this article.
We welcome your feedback.
Abrazos,

Lily & José

(click on the name to email Lily or Jose)
José Azel, Ph.D.

José Azel left Cuba in 1961 as a 13 year-old political exile in what has been dubbed Operation Pedro Pan - the largest unaccompanied child refugee movement in the history of the Western Hemisphere.  

He is currently dedicated to the in-depth analyses of Cuba's economic, social and political state, with a keen interest in post-Castro-Cuba strategies. Dr. Azel was a Senior Scholar at the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies (ICCAS) at the University of Miami, Jose Azel has published extensively on Cuba related topics.

In 2012 and 2015, Dr. Azel testified in the U.S. Congress on U.S.-Cuba Policy, and U.S. National Security.  He is a frequent speaker and commentator on these and related topics on local, national and international media.  He holds undergraduate and masters degrees in business administration and a Ph.D. in International Affairs from the University of Miami.

José along with his wife Lily are avid skiers and adventure travelers.  In recent years they have climbed Grand Teton in Wyoming, trekked Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Machu Pichu in Peru.  They have also hiked in Tibet and in the Himalayas to Mt. Everest Base Camp.

They cycled St. James Way (
El Camino de Santiago de Compostela) and cycled alongside the Danube from Germany to Hungary and throughout southern France.  They have scuba dived in the Bay Islands off the Honduran coast and in the Galapagos Islands. Most recently, they rafted for 17 days 220 miles in the Grand Canyon. 

Their adventurers are normally dedicated to raise funds for causes that are dear to them. 

Watch Joe & Lily summit Kilimanjaro.

Books by Dr. José Azel
José Azel’s writings are touched with the wisdom of a master, and the charm of an excellent communicator. Anyone who wishes to understand why countries do, or do not, progress will find in this book the best explanations. And, from these readings emerge numerous inferences: How and why do the good intentions of leftist collectivism lead countries to hell? Why is liberty not a sub product of prosperity, but rather one of its causes?

If it was in my power, this work would be required reading for all college and university students, and I would also recommend its reading to all politicians, journalists, and policymakers. With his writings Azel accomplishes what was achieved in France by Frédéric Bastiat, and in the United States by Henry Hazlitt: Azel brings together common sense with intelligent observation, and academic substance. Stupendous,

Carlos Alberto Montaner
                                                                   BUY NOW
Los escritos de José Azel están tocados por la sabiduría de un maestro y la amenidad de un excelente comunicador. Cualquiera que desee entender por qué los países progresan, o no, encontrará en este libro las mejores explicaciones. De estas lecturas surgen numerosas inferencias: ¿Cómo y por qué las buenas intenciones del colectivismo de izquierda llevan a los países al infierno? ¿Por qué la libertad no es un subproducto de la prosperidad, sino una de sus causas?

Si estuviera en mis manos, esta obra sería de obligada lectura de todos los estudiantes universitarios, pero además, le recomendaría su lectura a todos los políticos, periodistas y policy makers. Con sus escritos Azel logra lo que Frédéric Bastiat consiguiera en Francia y Henry Hazlitt en Estados Unidos: aunar el sentido común, la observación inteligente y la enjundia académica. Estupendo.

Carlos Alberto Montaner
                                                           Compre Aqui
"Liberty for beginners is much more than what the title promises. It is eighty themes touched with the wisdom of a master, and the charm of an excellent communicator. Anyone that wishes to understand why countries do, or do not progress, will find in this book the best explanations. Stupendous"

Carlos Alberto Montaner

"Libertad para novatos es mucho más de lo que promete el título. Son ochenta temas tocados con la sabiduría de un maestro y la amenidad de un excelente comunicador. Cualquier adulto que desee saber por qué progresan o se estancan los pueblos aquí encontrará las mejores explicaciones. Estupendo."

Carlos Alberto Montaner

Compre Aqui

In Reflections on FreedomJosé Azel brings together a collection of his columns published in prestigious newspapers.  Each article reveals his heartfelt and personal awareness of the importance of freedom in our lives.  They are his reflections after nearly sixty years of living and learning as a Cuban outside Cuba. In what has become his stylistic trademark, Professor Azel brilliantly introduces complex topics in brief journalistic articles.
En Reflexiones sobre la libertad José Azel reúne una colección de sus columnas publicadas en prestigiosos periódicos. Cada artículo revela su percepción sincera y personal de la importancia de la libertad en nuestras vidas. Son sus reflexiones después de casi sesenta años viviendo y aprendiendo como cubano fuera de Cuba.  En lo que ha resultado ser característica distintiva de sus artículos, el Profesor Azel introduce con brillantez complejos temas en  breves artículos de carácter periodístico.
Mañana in Cuba is a comprehensive analysis of contemporary Cuba with an incisive perspective of the Cuban frame of mind and its relevancy for Cuba's future.
Pedazos y Vacíos is a collection of poems written in by Dr. Azel in his youth. Poems are in Spanish.

🚨BREAKING: Woke Bishop SCOLDS Trump at National Prayer Service TODAY! (M...



I would agree with this woke Bishop if she, out of her own pocket; feed, house them in her home or church, the millions of illegals, including terrorist,; but most likely she won't, because she does not represent God, but her own leftist agenda, which have destroyed the lives of people living a communist nightmare; struggling to get, at least, a slice of bread once a day... E.E.R.C.

They Sound Alike, but They Are Not the Same

the AZEL

PERSPECTIVE

Commentary on Cuba's Future, U.S. Foreign Policy & Individual Freedoms - Issue 392 B
 
José Azel's latest books "On Freedom" and "Sobre La Libertad" are now available on Amazon. 
They Sound Alike, but They Are Not the Same (Previously published)
ShareShare
TweetTweet
ForwardForward

Americans use the terms democratic socialism and social democracy interchangeably. But in Europe, and elsewhere, these terms can have very different meanings. I was recently reminded of the distinctions by linguistics professor Richard Teschner, University of Texas at El Paso. The distinctions are important because these terms have now entered our political discourse with politicians, such as Bernie Sanders, branding themselves as democratic socialists. 

Democratic socialism is defined as a political philosophy maintaining political democracy within a socialist owned economy. Democratic socialists argue that capitalism is inherently incompatible with the values of equality. Thus, democratic socialism entails a democratic political system with a socialist economy in which the means of production are collectively owned. 

Democratic socialists are committed to replacing the capitalist mode of production with socialism by replacing private ownership with collective ownership of the means of production. In theory, democratic socialism is distinguishable from autocratic and undemocratic Marxism- Leninism. 

Typically, democratic socialism advocates for a limit on the accumulation of property and governmental regulation of the economy. It also seeks to provide extensive publicly financed assistance and pension programs. Currently, countries that may be said to be governed by a democratic socialist party are Armenia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Iceland, Nicaragua, Northern Ireland, Portugal, Serbia, and Venezuela. 

On the other hand, social democracy is usually defined as a political regime advocating economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy. Social democrats propose measures such as income redistribution, social-welfare provisions, and regulation of the economy. 

Social democracy seeks to humanize capitalism by creating conditions for greater egalitarian outcomes. The long-term goal of social democracy is socialism thru an evolutionary change from capitalism to socialism using established political processes. 

There is a great deal of overlap on policy positions between social democracy and democratic socialism. Political scientists use the social democratic label for center-left political positions, 

and the democratic socialist label for the more left-wing positions. Interestingly, Marx and Engels referred to socialism and communism interchangeably. I, having lived under communist rule, remain unconvinced by the definitional differences between democratic socialism and social democracy. They both encroach on our personal freedoms. 

There is no sensible way of definitively ranking countries as social democracies. Currently, nations such as Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, as well as some Eastern European countries have adopted their own system of capitalism where socialist welfare policies are made to fit within a capitalist framework. Japan and Canada have also implemented policies that could be considered to fall within a reasonable definition of social democracy. I will borrow a sentence from Dinesh D’Souza that these countries are “capitalist in wealth creation and socialist in wealth distribution.” 

For example, in the United States the top combined tax rate of 46 percent kicks in at $400,000, which is more than 8 times the average income. In Denmark, the top tax rate of 60 percent kicks in at $60,000 which is only 1.2 times the average income. Similar rules apply in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. That is, the United States imposes a high tax rate on the rich, whereas the Scandinavian norm is to tax heavily vast segments of the population. 

Moreover, Sweden, Norway and Denmark, also collect a value-added tax of 25 percent on most consumer items. American politicians consider value-added taxes regressive in that they disproportionately penalize the lower income population that must spend a higher proportion of their income on consumer goods. In the Scandinavian countries, when the value-added taxes are considered the math shows that the middle classes pay taxes that are the same as, or higher than the rich. 

This is telling because American politicians that label themselves as democratic socialists point to the Nordic countries as examples to follow. We are left to wonder if they are fundamentally ignorant or just deceitful. 

Please let us know if you Like Issue 392 B - They Sound Alike, but They Are Not the Same on Facebook this article.
We welcome your feedback.
Abrazos,

Lily & José

(click on the name to email Lily or Jose)
José Azel, Ph.D.

José Azel left Cuba in 1961 as a 13 year-old political exile in what has been dubbed Operation Pedro Pan - the largest unaccompanied child refugee movement in the history of the Western Hemisphere.  

He is currently dedicated to the in-depth analyses of Cuba's economic, social and political state, with a keen interest in post-Castro-Cuba strategies. Dr. Azel was a Senior Scholar at the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies (ICCAS) at the University of Miami, Jose Azel has published extensively on Cuba related topics.

In 2012 and 2015, Dr. Azel testified in the U.S. Congress on U.S.-Cuba Policy, and U.S. National Security.  He is a frequent speaker and commentator on these and related topics on local, national and international media.  He holds undergraduate and masters degrees in business administration and a Ph.D. in International Affairs from the University of Miami.

José along with his wife Lily are avid skiers and adventure travelers.  In recent years they have climbed Grand Teton in Wyoming, trekked Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Machu Pichu in Peru.  They have also hiked in Tibet and in the Himalayas to Mt. Everest Base Camp.

They cycled St. James Way (
El Camino de Santiago de Compostela) and cycled alongside the Danube from Germany to Hungary and throughout southern France.  They have scuba dived in the Bay Islands off the Honduran coast and in the Galapagos Islands. Most recently, they rafted for 17 days 220 miles in the Grand Canyon. 

Their adventurers are normally dedicated to raise funds for causes that are dear to them. 

Watch Joe & Lily summit Kilimanjaro.

Books by Dr. José Azel
José Azel’s writings are touched with the wisdom of a master, and the charm of an excellent communicator. Anyone who wishes to understand why countries do, or do not, progress will find in this book the best explanations. And, from these readings emerge numerous inferences: How and why do the good intentions of leftist collectivism lead countries to hell? Why is liberty not a sub product of prosperity, but rather one of its causes?

If it was in my power, this work would be required reading for all college and university students, and I would also recommend its reading to all politicians, journalists, and policymakers. With his writings Azel accomplishes what was achieved in France by Frédéric Bastiat, and in the United States by Henry Hazlitt: Azel brings together common sense with intelligent observation, and academic substance. Stupendous,

Carlos Alberto Montaner
                                                                   BUY NOW
Los escritos de José Azel están tocados por la sabiduría de un maestro y la amenidad de un excelente comunicador. Cualquiera que desee entender por qué los países progresan, o no, encontrará en este libro las mejores explicaciones. De estas lecturas surgen numerosas inferencias: ¿Cómo y por qué las buenas intenciones del colectivismo de izquierda llevan a los países al infierno? ¿Por qué la libertad no es un subproducto de la prosperidad, sino una de sus causas?

Si estuviera en mis manos, esta obra sería de obligada lectura de todos los estudiantes universitarios, pero además, le recomendaría su lectura a todos los políticos, periodistas y policy makers. Con sus escritos Azel logra lo que Frédéric Bastiat consiguiera en Francia y Henry Hazlitt en Estados Unidos: aunar el sentido común, la observación inteligente y la enjundia académica. Estupendo.

Carlos Alberto Montaner
                                                           Compre Aqui
"Liberty for beginners is much more than what the title promises. It is eighty themes touched with the wisdom of a master, and the charm of an excellent communicator. Anyone that wishes to understand why countries do, or do not progress, will find in this book the best explanations. Stupendous"

Carlos Alberto Montaner

"Libertad para novatos es mucho más de lo que promete el título. Son ochenta temas tocados con la sabiduría de un maestro y la amenidad de un excelente comunicador. Cualquier adulto que desee saber por qué progresan o se estancan los pueblos aquí encontrará las mejores explicaciones. Estupendo."

Carlos Alberto Montaner

Compre Aqui

In Reflections on FreedomJosé Azel brings together a collection of his columns published in prestigious newspapers.  Each article reveals his heartfelt and personal awareness of the importance of freedom in our lives.  They are his reflections after nearly sixty years of living and learning as a Cuban outside Cuba. In what has become his stylistic trademark, Professor Azel brilliantly introduces complex topics in brief journalistic articles.
En Reflexiones sobre la libertad José Azel reúne una colección de sus columnas publicadas en prestigiosos periódicos. Cada artículo revela su percepción sincera y personal de la importancia de la libertad en nuestras vidas. Son sus reflexiones después de casi sesenta años viviendo y aprendiendo como cubano fuera de Cuba.  En lo que ha resultado ser característica distintiva de sus artículos, el Profesor Azel introduce con brillantez complejos temas en  breves artículos de carácter periodístico.
Mañana in Cuba is a comprehensive analysis of contemporary Cuba with an incisive perspective of the Cuban frame of mind and its relevancy for Cuba's future.
Pedazos y Vacíos is a collection of poems written in by Dr. Azel in his youth. Poems are in Spanish.